الضرورة / الإلزام في المضارع present

Must + مصدر = have / has to / have / has got to + مصدر يجب أن



They mean : It is necessary to + مصدر من الضروري

1ـ تعطيان نفس معني الإلزام . أي يستخدمان للتعبير عن ضرورة في المضارع.

ó It's getting dark . I must / have to / have got to go now.

ó Hoda looks ill . She must / has to / has got to the doctor.

2ـ أحيانًا يكون هناك اختلاف في نوع الإلزام :

أ ـ نستخدم (must) عندما يعبر المتحدث عن مشاعره الشخصية :

ó I really must read this article again.

ب ـ نستخدم (have to) للتعبير عن الإلزام من جهة خارجية ( حقيقة مفروضة / قانون / أمر):

ó I'm sorry I can't come to your party. I have to work that evening.

ï صيغة السؤال في الإلزام المضارع :

· Is it necessary for him to come?

Ê Does he have to come ? ] Must he come?

ï عدم إلزام في المضارع :

لا يوجد داعي

§ كلها تعطي نفس المعني : ليس من الضرورة ( ليس عليك ) أن تفعل الشئ و لكن ممكن أن تفعله إذا أردت ذلك.

è I don't have to / don't need to go out tonight.

= It is not necessary for me to go out tonight.

è He doesn't have to / doesn't need to go out tonight.

= It is not necessary for him to go out tonight.





Ê It is necessary for me to get up early. ( have / must )

@ I have to / must get up early.

Ê Is it necessary for you to go out? ( Do …?)

@ Do you have to go out?

Ê It isn't necessary for them to hurry. (have to)

@ They don't have to hurry.

ó You will have to work hard to do well in the test. This will be necessary.

ó We won't have to work next week. This will not be necessary.

ó Will / won't you have to get up early?





Ê It will be necessary for us to visit him. (have to)

@ We will have to visit us.

Ê It won't be necessary for them to play the match. (they)

@ They won't have to play the match

Ê Will it be necessary to take early train?

@ Will you have to take early train?

Had to +مصدر = It was necessary to + مصدر اضطر إلي

è It means : It was necessary to + مصدر

¨ للتعبير عن الإلزام في الماضي : كنت مضطرًا أن

( فعلت شيئًا مضطر لأنه كان من الضروري أن أفعله)

ó I had to go to the doctor yesterday. I was ill.

ó It was necessary for me to go to the doctor.

¨ عدم إلزام في الماضي:

Didn't have to = didn't need to + مصدر

It means : It wasn't necessary to تعني لم يكن من الضروري

¨ الفاعل لم يفعل الحدث لأنه كان غير ضروريًا .

(لم يفعل شيئًا ما لأنه لم يكن من الضروري أن أفعله)

I didn't have to / didn't need to do any thing.

It was necessary for me to do any thing.

¨ صيغة السؤال في الإلزام في الماضي

Did + فاعل + have to + مصدر = Was it necessary for ……to?

ó Did he have to take a taxi?



Ê It was necessary for us to send a letter. (We)

@ We had to send a letter.

Ê It wasn't obliged to stay at home. (have)

@ I didn't have to stay at home.

Ê Was it necessary to finish yesterday? (have to)

@ Did you have to finish yesterday?





Mustn't + أصل الفعل ممنوع

è It means = not allowed to = forbidden to = prohibited to

¨ نستخدم هذا الأسلوب للتعبير عن المنع أو الحظر أو التحريم . أي أن هناك شئ غير مسموح فعله لأنه ممنوع أو ضد القانون (( الجملة معها دائمًا تكون في المضارع))

ó You mustn't do that = you are not allowed to do that.

ó You mustn't smoke here = It's forbidden to smoke here.





Should + مصدر = ought to + مصدر ينبغي أن أو المفروض

تستخدم should في الحالات الآتية :

¨ لكي نقول أن ما نعتقده هو الصواب أو الشئ الأفضل ( النصيحة )

ó We should / ought to take steps to reduce pollution.

_It is a good thing for us to…………… _ I advice you to………..

_It would be a good idea to ………….. _ My advice to you is to……

¨ عندما نطلب أو نعطي رأيًا عن شئ:

A: Do you think I should apply for this job ?

B: Yes I think you should.

You should read this book. It is interesting.

It is advisble / desirable to …………….من المستحسن / المفضل

Shouldn't + مصدر ليس من الصواب أو المنصوح به فعل الشئ

You shouldn't smoke. _ It is not a good thing to …..

It is not advisable to ………… _ It wouldn't be a good idea to….

I advise you not to………….. _ My advise to you is to……….[/size][/size]